Cultural and Social Discrimination

1. • Negative stereotypes and biased portrayals of African Americans in the media reinforce societal prejudices and contribute to discrimination in various aspects of life.

   • Everyday interactions often involve subtle forms of racism, known as microaggressions, which cumulatively affect the mental and emotional well-being of African Americans.

   • A 2016 study from the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development indicated that nearly all African American college students surveyed had experienced racial microaggressions, with many reporting regular occurrences.

   • A 2019 study published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology found that the majority of African American participants reported experiencing racial microaggressions frequently in their daily lives.